Urbanization has increased the adverse impact of society, environment and economy. An urgent issue is associated with stormwater as impervious surfaces area increased. Low Impact Development (LID) is an innovative sustainable practice that can decrease the influence of adverse stormwater. It has also been widely applied to many sites. However, the effectiveness of LID is still associated with uncertain results, depending on different site conditions, design strategies and assessment approaches. This study evaluates the LID performance by examining four different design scenarios including two designs with LID and two without LID, through eleven variables in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The Friedman analysis of comparison method has been applied to the treatments to determine whether the designs with LID elements are more effective. The result shows that designs with LID elements are significantly greater than the existing condition (p≤0.05).
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