"From the dawn of the nineteenth's century, pioneers such as Faraday have been studying the effects and consequences of charge transfer on chemical reactions. This field is now widely recognized as electrochemistry. The fact that thanks to electrochemistry tracking a reaction and imposing one has become so feasible has spawned a new wave of electrochemical enabled sensors for various applications from personal health tracking to mine safety monitoring. The next logical leap for electrochemical sensing would be to expand to single molecule detection and control. However, fundamental limiting factors in electrochemistry such as probe size and noise impose restrictions on the number of individual tracked molecules. One way to mitigate this issue is through the use of nano-sized holes that allow for the target molecule to pass through them called nano-pores. This dissertation discusses the principals of nano-pore sensing with a focus on interfacing requirements and principals and provide the reader with a solution for interfacing ion-channels (a sub-category of nano-pores) in an array form. The goal is to understand the conditions that would facilitate proper detection and the CMOS approach that would help us do so. Section 1 will focus on varieties of nano-pores and the definition and operation principals of ion-channels. Section 2 will focus on challenges interfacing these ion-channels and solutions from literature. Section 3 will focus on an array challenges implementing an array of ion-channels and provide unique solutions. Chapter 4 describes a test chip implemented to test the solution proposed in chapter 3 and provide users with test results supporting our claims."--Page ii.
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